The Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) is a vaccine used to prevent cholera, a life-threatening diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Cholera is usually contracted through the consumption of contaminated food or water. The OCV provides an easy, non-invasive method for protection, particularly in areas at risk of cholera outbreaks.
Types of Oral Cholera Vaccines:
There are two main WHO-prequalified OCVs used worldwide:
- Dukoral: Protects against cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 serogroup. It is given in two doses, with a gap of at least one week.
- Shanchol and Euvichol-Plus: These vaccines provide broader protection, covering both Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 serogroups. Two doses are administered at least two weeks apart.
Efficacy:
- The vaccine offers 65% to 85% protection for up to five years after full immunization.
- It is particularly recommended for children over 1 year and adults in areas experiencing cholera outbreaks or for travelers to such regions.
- The vaccine is not only used for individuals but also as part of mass immunization campaigns to control cholera outbreaks and prevent its spread.
How It Works:
The vaccine stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against cholera, which can then neutralize the bacteria in the intestines before they cause infection.
Target Groups:
- People living in areas with poor sanitation or contaminated water supplies
- Refugees and populations displaced due to natural disasters
- Travelers to regions where cholera is endemic
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of OCVs in conjunction with other preventive measures, such as improving water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices, for better cholera control and eradication.
