A driverless train operates using an automated system known as Automatic Train Operation (ATO), which controls train movement without human intervention. The system uses a combination of sensors, onboard computers, and communication networks to monitor and regulate speed, braking, and track alignment. Train positioning is managed through trackside signals and centralized control centers that communicate with the train to adjust routes, stops, and speed.
Safety is ensured by systems like Automatic Train Control (ATC) and Automatic Train Protection (ATP), which prevent collisions and overspeeding.