Green hydrogen is hydrogen that is produced using renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, or hydropower through a process called electrolysis. During electrolysis, water (H₂O) is split into hydrogen (H₂) and oxygen (O₂) using an electric current. Since the electricity used in this process comes from renewable sources, the hydrogen produced is considered “green” or environmentally friendly.
Key Features of Green Hydrogen:
- Zero carbon emissions: No greenhouse gases are emitted during its production, making it a clean energy source.
- Sustainable: It is produced using renewable energy, unlike traditional hydrogen production, which often relies on natural gas (grey hydrogen) or coal (brown hydrogen).
- Versatile applications: Green hydrogen can be used in various sectors, including transportation (fuel cells for cars, trucks, ships), industry (steel production), and energy storage.
Benefits:
- Decarbonization: Green hydrogen can help reduce carbon emissions in industries and sectors that are hard to electrify, like heavy manufacturing and long-distance transportation.
- Energy storage: Hydrogen can store excess renewable energy generated by solar or wind power, which can then be used when energy demand is high or renewable sources are not producing.
Challenges:
- High production cost: Producing green hydrogen is currently more expensive than traditional methods due to the high cost of electrolyzers and renewable energy infrastructure.
- Scaling up: Significant investment and technological advancements are required to produce green hydrogen at scale and make it competitive.
Green hydrogen is seen as a key part of the global shift toward clean energy and achieving net-zero emissions targets. Many countries, including India, are investing in green hydrogen technology as part of their efforts to combat climate change.